Moonwell Lending (Base)
Takes as collateral: bitcoin and ether
One of 2 deployments of Moonwell Lending · also on Moonbeam
Dollar loans only: other currencies are separate books, never added in
Debt and rates count loans made in US dollars and dollar stablecoins. Loans in euros, francs, yen, ether or bitcoin itself are separate books, shown by currency on each venue, never added in.
- BTC collateral — the supplied amount of the venue's pegged-bitcoin reserves as each pool reports it — what is deposited, not what is pledged against a loan.
- Dollar debt against bitcoin — bitcoin-only borrowers only: $2m more is owed in dollars by 260 accounts posting bitcoin among other collateral, a bound never apportioned; $1m borrowed in other currencies is not added.
- Aggregate LTV — the bitcoin-only borrowers' LTV, not the pool's: accounts posting bitcoin among other collateral are not in it.
- Liquidates at — the bitcoin-only borrowers only (accounts posting other collateral are not in it); $1m of their debt sits in positions that liquidate within a 20% fall; the book is already past its threshold in aggregate — unliquidated positions carry it there.
What “Liquidates at” is: one price for the whole book, not a forecast
"Liquidates at" is the bitcoin price at which this book, taken as one position, stops covering its debt at its liquidation thresholds — an aggregate, not a forecast: individual loans are levered differently and liquidate above it.
Loan duration is not a venue figure on an on-chain pool: these markets are open-term, and a position runs until it is repaid or liquidated. A fixed term exists only where the venue writes one — the custodial desks (cefi_credit_rates.term_days) and Gavel's auction, which is fixed-rate and fixed-term by construction.
10 of 10 criteria researched. What the criteria are →
Markets — as served, not a venue rate
One row per market, as the venue publishes them. These are market rates: combining them into a single venue rate is a weighting across this venue's markets, and choosing one here would be a methodology decision taken in a web page.
No BTC market rows are served for this venue. It runs contracts, so the absence is this dataset’s, not the venue’s.
Price
What does credit cost here, and how is the price formed?
| Rate formation | algorithmic_utilisationsourceMoonwell on Base (chain 8453) — each mToken names an interestRateModel() evaluated on cash, borrows and reserves: a function of utilisation, algorithmic_utilisation. The curve each model implements was not read. |
|---|---|
| Term structure | open_endedsourceMoonwell mToken markets on Base (chain 8453) — borrow()/repayBorrow() carry no maturity; a position persists until repaid or liquidated. |
| Rate certainty | variablesourceMoonwell mToken markets on Base (chain 8453) — each market accrues at the rate its interestRateModel() returns for the market's current cash, borrows and reserves; nothing is fixed at origination. |
Quality
What stands behind a position, and what can change under the reader?
| Oracle dependency | multiplesourceMoonwell Comptroller 0xfBb21d0380beE3312B33c4353c8936a0F13EF26C on Base (chain 8453) → oracle() = 0xEC942bE8A8114bFD0396A5052c36027f2cA6a9d0 (read 2026-09-30). One oracle contract prices every market, from a source per asset that governance can replace. A pooled venue's solvency depends on the feeds of every market an account has entered, not on one. |
|---|---|
| Default & liquidation | thresholdsourceMoonwell Comptroller 0xfBb21d0380beE3312B33c4353c8936a0F13EF26C on Base (chain 8453) — an account can be liquidated once its borrow exceeds the sum of its collateral at each market's collateral factor (markets(token).collateralFactorMantissa); a liquidator repays up to the close factor (50%) of a borrow and seizes mToken collateral. |
| Custody & backing | protocol_custodialsourceMoonwell mToken markets on Base (chain 8453) — mint() transfers the underlying to the market's own contract; the depositor holds the mToken as a claim rather than the asset. |
| Recourse | non_recoursesourceMoonwell Comptroller 0xfBb21d0380beE3312B33c4353c8936a0F13EF26C on Base (chain 8453) — liability is bounded by the collateral a liquidator can seize; no function pursues a borrower beyond it, and a shortfall stays in the market as bad debt. |
| Track record | 36 months observedsourceDerived from the first aggregator observation this dataset holds for the venue (defi_rates_llama, 2023-09-06; the registry holds no first_date for it). This is a LOWER BOUND on the venue's age, not the age itself: a venue trading long before the aggregator began listing it reads short here. The observer is the aggregator, not the venue's own contracts. Not typed, and not a claim about the venue's longevity. |
Composition
Who and what makes up this market?
| Collateral accepted | BTC markets (3): cbBTC, tBTC, LBTCsourceMoonwell Comptroller 0xfBb21d0380beE3312B33c4353c8936a0F13EF26C on Base (chain 8453) — getAllMarkets() and markets(token) (registry/resolution/2026-09/comptroller_forks.json; root github.com/moonwell-fi/moonwell-contracts-v2 chains/8453.json). 21 markets (mUSDC, mWETH, mcbETH, mDAI, mUSDC, mwstETH, mrETH, mAERO, mweETH, mcbBTC, mEURC, mwrsETH, mWELL, mUSDS, mtBTC, mLBTC, mVIRTUAL, mMORPHO, mcbXRP, mMAMO, mVVV), read 2026-09-30. Bitcoin markets: mcbBTC 0xF877ACaFA28c19b96727966690b2f44d35aD5976 over cbBTC 0xcbB7C0000aB88B473b1f5aFd9ef808440eed33Bf (8 decimals) — collateral factor 85%, 70.2 supplied, 58.2 borrowed; mtBTC 0x9A858ebfF1bEb0D3495BB0e2897c1528eD84A218 over tBTC 0x236aa50979D5f3De3Bd1Eeb40E81137F22ab794b (18 decimals) — collateral factor 64%, 0.412 supplied, 0.0516 borrowed; mLBTC 0x10fF57877b79e9bd949B3815220eC87B9fc5D2ee over LBTC 0xecAc9C5F704e954931349Da37F60E39f515c11c1 (8 decimals) — collateral factor 80%, 43.3 supplied, 0.215 borrowed. NOTE: the pool is multi-collateral, so a market's presence does not mean a given borrow is secured by it. |
|---|---|
| Book depth & concentration | unknown (no per-venue counterparty count exists in this registry or in the comparison payload, so depth and concentration cannot be established. This is a gap in THIS DATASET, not in the venue, and is a different value from `undisclosed`, which would mean the venue does not publish it.) |
| Observability | price: partial — Observed through the aggregator (DefiLlama) for 63% of the 30-day debt and the venue's own contracts (scripts/direct-reads.mjs) for 37%. The aggregator's rows are each pool's published borrow and supply rates as it reports them — not a read of the venue's own contracts, and not checked against one. The contract reads are daily, at a recorded block. As of 2026-10-01. quantity: partial — Observed through the aggregator (DefiLlama): bitcoin collateral is the supplied amount of each pegged-bitcoin reserve, converted at the day's bitcoin reference, and debt is the borrowed amount per pool or vault. Neither is a read of the venue's own contracts. As of 2026-10-01. composition: none — Not obtainable from an aggregator — composition is loan-level and requires event ingestion, which is not planned for this venue. |
What the loans are denominated in
| Borrowed in | Assets | Size (USD equivalent) | In the loan asset | Read by |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| not dollars — currency not yet split | $1.4m | — | account-by-account pool read, 2026-10-13 | |
| US dollars | $1m | — | account-by-account pool read, 2026-10-13 |
Each currency is a separate book; the dollar equivalents compare sizes and are never added together.
Backing chain
Each link from what this venue takes as collateral down to the bitcoin it rests on, in order, with how each link was established.
How a chain is read, and what it does not claim
backing_chain: the ordered claims standing between a creditor and the coins, each link derived from a sourced fact already held and carrying it in `derived_from` — the custody cell, the venue's borrow card, or wrapper_registry.yaml for who holds the bitcoin behind a token. A `representation` link has one branch per token the venue takes; branches are alternatives, not a sequence. A link nobody has established is shown with status `incomplete` and names what is missing — it is never dropped, because a missing link omitted makes a long chain look short. `undisclosed` means the party does not publish it; `incomplete` means this dataset has not established it. NEVER SCORED AND NEVER COUNTED: no length, link count or ranking is published, and none should be derived — chain length and link transparency are orthogonal (ETP-backed margin is the longest chain here and every link of it is regulated). `recourse` is what the creditor holds beyond the chain. ⚠ Tokens are identified BY SYMBOL: the wrapper registry is not keyed by chain or address, so every `representation` link carries a `deployment` step that is incomplete — whether a token is native to the chain of the venue or a bridge receipt (one more link) is not established — and a symbol the registry knows to name a different token on a venue is shown unresolved, not given that wrapper's holders.
- contract_escrow established — the protocol contract — the collateral is escrowed and neither the operator nor the borrower can move it
source
attribute · custody_model = protocol_custodialMoonwell mToken markets on Base (chain 8453) — mint() transfers the underlying to the market's own contract; the depositor holds the mToken as a claim rather than the asset. - representation incomplete
source
wrapper_registry · wrapper_registry.yaml as of 2026-09-02deployment · chain 8453 incompletewhether each token is issued natively on this chain or bridged to it — a further link when bridged — is not in wrapper_registry.yaml, which is keyed by symbol, not by chain or address- cbBTC established · direct_wrapped · identified by symbolCBBTC established · issuer Coinbase · custodial · holders [Coinbase]
source
issuer_doccoinbase.com/cbbtc — 'backed 1:1 and held in custody by Coinbase', cold storage - LBTC established · yield_bearing · identified by symbolLBTC established · issuer Lombard · consortium · holders [Anchorage Digital Bank, Kraken Institutional]WAS 'Lombard'. Lombard is the protocol. Its documentation places the BTC in Lombard-owned, segregated, bankruptcy-remote accounts at Anchorage Digital Bank, with the active allocation at Kraken Institutional and Anchorage; Bitwise holds trading authority only. Mint, burn and bridge require majority consensus of a 14-member Security Consortium. No public split between the two custodians, so the pair is carried whole.
source
issuer_docdocs.lombard.finance/use/lbtc; anchorage.com 'Lombard Builds LBTC's Institutional Structure on Anchorage Digital' - tBTC established · direct_wrapped · identified by symbolTBTC established · issuer Threshold Network · threshold-signature · holders []No holder by construction: a 51-of-100 threshold signing group with operators rotated bi-weekly and no single party ever holding a full key. The empty holder list is the correct answer, not a gap.
source
issuer_docdocs.threshold.network/applications/tbtc-v2
- cbBTC established · direct_wrapped · identified by symbol
source
The generic axis set
Identical for every venue, identically computed. An axis that cannot be computed here renders its reason — never silently omitted, because an omitted axis says it was not considered. A figure that covers only part of what the axis asks is marked, with what it leaves out beneath it. Collateral, debt and the borrow and lend rates are the tiles at the top of this page.
| Utilisation (venue roll-up) | 99.9% the pool's dollar reserves: borrowed over supplied across 2 reserve(s), latest day — the whole pool, not its bitcoin book defi_rates_llama, quantity-gated |
|---|---|
| Intermediation margin | +1.50 pts · derived the pool's borrow rate minus its supply rate on the same dollar reserves — what the venue keeps, plus the cost of idle supply borrow rate minus lend rate, both as above |
| Trailing realised average (7/30/90d) | 7d 16.31% · 30d 16.20% · 90d 19.44% dollar loans, debt-weighted over the days observed (7 / 30 / 90 of 7 / 30 / 90); continuously compounded defi_rates_llama — the 30-day window's rows, gates and floor (098) |
| Rate volatility (30/90d) | 30d 0.08 pts · 90d 23.69 pts the standard deviation of the daily debt-weighted borrow rate, in percentage points — not annualised the daily rate above |
| Spread to the pair aggregate | +11.30 pts vs Algorithmic · derived this venue's borrow rate minus its class's (4.90%), both as served on the spine /v1/market/tree — the venue's and its class's borrow rates |
| Spread to matched Treasuries | +12.06 pts vs the 1-month bill (4.13%) · derived the venue's borrow rate minus the 1-month bill, both continuously compounded. An open-term loan has no maturity of its own, so the bill stands for a 30-day window macro_rates — the 1-month Treasury bill, 2026-10-08 (Federal Reserve H.15) |
| Origination flow | collecting (not read yet) — loan events are read for Morpho Blue (Ethereum, Base) and the six Aave v3 chains only |
| Repayment flow | collecting (not read yet) — loan events are read for Morpho Blue (Ethereum, Base) and the six Aave v3 chains only |
| Aggregate and distributional LTV | 89.5% · 52.2% of the bitcoin-only debt liquidates within a 20% fall · partial the bitcoin-only borrowers' LTV, not the pool's: accounts posting bitcoin among other collateral are not in it contract_read — the pool's own contracts, account by account |
| Residence distribution | collecting (not read yet) — how long positions stay open needs each loan's history; it is held for Morpho Blue and the Aave v3 chains and not yet computed |
| Liquidation incidence | 7 bitcoin-only position(s) past their threshold now ($1m) · partial positions the venue would liquidate now and has not the pool read (157) |
| Top-10 concentration share | top 10 hold 79.8% of the bitcoin-only debt (largest 47.1%), 184 accounts · partial the bitcoin-only borrowers, not every borrower at the venue the pool read, account by account (155) |
There is no score on this page and none will be added. The criteria are published and versioned before any venue is measured against them, and this venue's row is produced by the same pipeline as every other.
Access routes
Unknown (not surveyed yet). No one has looked for an MCP server for this venue. That is not the same as having looked and found none, and this row will not say the second while meaning the first. The listing criteria are published.
Ask for this by machine
| REST | GET https://api.bitcoincreditstack.com/v1/market/venues/moonwell_lending_base |
|---|---|
| MCP | get_venue({ venue_id: "moonwell_lending_base" }) get_venue({ venue_id: "moonwell_lending_base", include: ["axes", "headline"] }) |
The same figures, the same names and dates. Connect your AI →
How this venue compares depends on what you'd borrow, for how long, against what. That's a question for your AI, with this data behind it.
https://mcp.bitcoincreditstack.com/mcp